树莓派下挂载 u盘
2016-06-18
树莓派二代 B ，比较老的版本了，准备做一个 samba 服务器，但是自身的 TF 卡只有 16 G 并不是很大，还准备把它做一个下载器，就需要大一点的空间，挂载一个 32 G 的 U 盘上去试试。
查看磁盘信息和已挂载分区
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 15.5 GB, 15523119104 bytes
4 heads, 16 sectors/track, 473728 cylinders, total 30318592 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009bf4f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 122879 57344 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 122880 30318591 15097856 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32161923072 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3910 cylinders, total 62816256 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0a9a1b1a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 62816255 31407104 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo df -lhT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root ext4 15G 8.8G 4.8G 65% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 214M 0 214M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 44M 720K 43M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 87M 0 87M 0% /run/shm
/dev/mmcblk0p1 vfat 56M 20M 37M 36% /boot
可以看到有两个磁盘，第一个磁盘为 /dev/mmcblk0 是我的 16 G 的 TF 卡，第二个 /dev/sda 是我 32 G 的 U 盘，已有一个分区 ‘/dev/sda1’，分区格式为 NTFS ， x现在我们需要将 U 盘中原有的分区删除然后进行重新分区，并将文件格式改为 Linux 下的 ext4 。
删除 U 盘上原有分区并创建新分区
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): m // 查看帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p // 查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32161923072 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3910 cylinders, total 62816256 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0a9a1b1a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 62816255 31407104 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Command (m for help): d // 删除分区
Selected partition 1 // 如果有多个分区，在此处会让你进行选择分区
Command (m for help): p // 查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32161923072 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3910 cylinders, total 62816256 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0a9a1b1a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n // 新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): // 直接 Enter 选择默认
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): // 选择默认
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-62816255, default 2048): //选择默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62816255, default 62816255): //选择默认
Using default value 62816255
Command (m for help): p // 查看分区信息
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32161923072 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3910 cylinders, total 62816256 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0a9a1b1a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 62816255 31407104 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w // 执行更改并保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
pi@raspberrypi ~ $
格式化新分区
在上面可以看到树莓派原来使用的就是 ext4 格式的文件系统，我们就把 U 盘也格式化为这种格式的。
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1966080 inodes, 7851776 blocks
392588 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
或者是格式化为其他格式的u盘
sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1 //格式化为 VFAT 格式的 U 盘
sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda1 //格式化为 NTFS 格式的 U 盘
sudo mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/sda1 //快速格式化
挂载 U 盘
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ mkdir media
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cd media/
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ mkdir Disk
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ sudo mount /dev/sda1 ./Disk/
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ sudo df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 15G 8.8G 4.8G 65% /
devtmpfs 214M 0 214M 0% /dev
tmpfs 44M 720K 43M 2% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 87M 0 87M 0% /run/shm
/dev/mmcblk0p1 56M 20M 37M 36% /boot
/dev/sda1 30G 44M 28G 1% /home/pi/media/Disk
这样 U 盘就挂载到了 ～/media/Disk 下，不过有一点问题，就是只能以 root 权限读写，pi 用户不能读写。
卸载 U 盘
我们先卸载了，然后再挂载上，让 pi 用户也能使用
pi@raspberrypi ~/media/Disk $ echo "test">test.txt
-bash: test.txt: Permission denied
pi@raspberrypi ~/media/Disk $ cd ../
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ sudo umount /home/pi/media/Disk
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ sudo mount /dev/sda1 ./Disk/
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ sudo chmod -R 777 Disk/
pi@raspberrypi ~/media $ cd Disk/
pi@raspberrypi ~/media/Disk $ echo "test">test.txt
开机自动挂载
pi@raspberrypi /etc $ sudo vim fstab
将文件内容改成这样
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
/dev/mmcblk0p2 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
/dev/sda1 /home/pi/media/Disk ext4 defaults,noexec,umask=0000 0 0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, so no using swapon|off from here on, use dphys-swapfile swap[on|off] for that
说明： sda1是取决于你的实际情况，a 表示第一个硬盘，1 表示第一个分区。 umask=0000 0 0 前面四个 0 就是对所有人,可读可写可执行, 后面两个 0 ,第一个代表 dump , 0 是不备份,第二个代表 fsck 检查的顺序, 0 表示不检查
本文固定链接：https://windard.com/project/2016/06/18/Mount-UDisk
原创文章,转载请注明出处：树莓派下挂载 u盘 By Windard
